Get Solved AVIA 400 Final

Get Solved AVIA 400 Final

1. We judge an object to be further away when it is blocked, or occluded, by another object. The object that overlays the other is seen as being closer. This monocular cue to distance/depth perception is known as
2. Which strategy below is not recommended to help manage automation?
3. The newer rectangular electronic flat-panel primary displays—primary flight displays (PFDs) and multifunction displays (MFDs)—where related information is presented together for easy comparison are examples of
4. what occurs when the use of automated systems during high workload phases of flight doesn’t decrease but increases overall pilot workload compared to flying a non- automated aircraft.
5. Accomplishing two different tasks simultaneously is as effective as doing them separately.
6. NASA researchers studied 12 major airline accidents that involved hull loss or loss of life and that were deemed to involve significant levels of acute situational stress on the part of the flight crew after the onset of non-normal/emergency events that preceded the accident. They found that most of the 212 flight crew errors identified did not involve the pilots forgetting something.
7. Communication breakdown between flight crewmembers and between controllers and pilots has contributed to several fatal aircraft accidents.
8. Ambiguous messages consist of words, phrases, or sentences that have only one meaning.
9. Between 1972 and 2013 in the United States, the leading item not monitored in 25 major U.S. air carrier accidents that killed 894 people was the aircraft’s
10. Which strategy below is not recommended to help manage automation?
11. Which of the following, if actively in use on the flight deck, is the lowest level of automation?
12. You are a new student pilot trying to learn how to taxi an airplane using rudder inputs. If your taxi trying to use aileron inputs instead of rudder inputs, you are likely experiencing
13. _ displays presenting qualitative, continuous information that represents the state of an aircraft attribute in symbolic or pictorial format, often with a moving indicator.
14. After reading an accident report, what appears obvious to us after the fact did not appear obvious to the pilot before the fact. This is known as the
15. Sustained attention needed for good vigilance/monitoring performance is very demanding of mental resources.
16. The attitude indicator is an example of a ___________.
17. The auditory sense is omnidirectional and verbal messages are transient.
18. About a third of all worldwide major and substantial-damage transport-category turbojet and turboprop aircraft accidents are runway-related accidents, with 97 percent of those classified as runway
19. The phenomenon of multilingual pilots and/or controllers switching back and forth between English and their mother tongue, or unilingual English speakers switching between different English dialects (e.g., aviation English and normal English), is known as
20. Decision making in its most basic form involves ________ .
21. Most VFR-into-IMC accidents occur on the last leg of a return trip home.
22. Words that sound the same as other words, but have different meanings, are called ________.
23. Information on displays and the design of controls is often called ________.
24. Cues to distance/depth perception that solely depend on stimuli that reside in the outside world, as opposed to physiological mechanisms, are known as
25. The traditional three-pointer altimeter (round dial) is an example of a(n) ___________ display.
26. Time pressures have contributed to accidents and incidents.
27. You are at least ________ times more likely to see another aircraft if air traffic control alerts you to its location (e.g., “traffic, one o’clock, five miles, westbound, six thousand”).
28. The worst runway incursion (RI) accident on U.S. soil occurred because a controller forgot another airplane was on the runway.
29. The interpretation of visual sensations (inputs) is known as visual ________.
30. Characteristics in the environment that are received by our sensory receptors in our eyes, ears, skin, etc., which aid us in accurately perceiving the outside world, are known as
31. involves grouping bits of information into larger meaningful wholes and enhancing learning and memory.
32. Evaluating 28,000 incident reports submitted by pilots and air traffic controllers during the first five years of the ASRS, researchers found more than 70 percent involved problems with voice communications.
33. involves designing displays and controls according to their function and how they are best understood by humans.
34. The ________ is the tendency to blame internal characteristics in others for their attitudes, behavior, or failures while blaming situational circumstances to excuse our own.
35. When numerical values are rapidly changing (e.g., airspeed, altitude) both the direction and rate of change is more difficult for pilots to interpret on a(n) __________ display compared to a(n) ___________ display.
36. Designing controls to look like the device they control is known as __________.
37. The “margin of safety” is the least during the ________ phase of flight.
38. A basic __________ involves continuous feedback enabling continuous control to maintain a given set point.
39. Most side-stick-equipped aircraft provide little or no tactile feedback to the pilot flying (PF) from movements resulting from turbulence or control inputs from the other pilot.
40. An analysis of 191 ASRS reports, where crews overshot or undershot their assigned altitude by 1,000 feet, found that that the ________ thousand-foot pairing was by far the most common altitude combination at 38 percent of altitude busts.
41. Early Boeing 747 pilots, sitting at almost twice the eye-to-wheel height than they were accustomed to in the previous generation of narrow-bodied aircraft, experienced ________ optic flow and had the illusion of taxing at a _________ speed.
42. ________ occurs when new information/activity interferes with the recall of previously stored information in long-term memory or material to be remembered (MTBR), in working memory.
43. Hundreds of people have died because pilots have forgotten to set the flaps to the proper takeoff setting.
44. By design (and regulation), the primary flight instruments (sometimes called the “six-pack” for traditional round-dial instruments) are located so they fall within the _________ of view of the pilot.
45. A pilot makes minor stick-and-rudder control inputs to remain within altitude and heading parameters when flying manually. This is an example of ________ behavior.
46. The flight deck should be designed to accommodate the limitations and capabilities of the human operator, not the other way around. This is known as
47. Using the light beam of a flashlight as a metaphor, __________ attention is the area we attend to, or where we point the flashlight.
48. A study of 2,801 U.S. GA accidents that occurred between 2008 and 2010 found the pilot’s actions, decision making, or cockpit management was the cause of 70 percent of fatal airplane accidents.
49. A recent International Air Transport Association (IATA) Phraseology Study found the use of ___________ by ATC was the biggest communication issue for 2,070 airline pilots surveyed.
50. non-standard and/or ambiguous phraseology
51. You must decide whether you should continue the VFR flight into gradually deteriorating weather or divert. If you think about your decision in terms of choices between two gains (e.g., certain preservation of life if you turn back/divert vs. the possibility of making it through the poor weather if you continue), you will tend to be risk averse. If you think about your decision in terms of choices between two losses (e.g., passenger displeasure, missed meetings/connections, etc., if you turn back/divert vs. the possibility of an accident should you continue), you will tend to be risk-seeking and continue. This type of thinking may be caused by the __________ bias.
52. Aircraft control and display design have led to aircraft accidents.
53. An NTSB study of 37 U.S. air carrier accidents, in which the actions of the flight crew were cited as a causal or contributing factor, found that monitoring/challenging failures occurred in 84 percent of them.
54. _ displays present quantitative, discrete numeric information that helps determine precise values, and usually involves less mental effort and fewer mental computations to interpret exact values.
55. The flight deck should be designed to accommodate the limitations and capabilities of the human operator, not the other way around. This is known as
56. You forget a heading and altitude clearance by a controller because immediately after receiving the clearance you are questioned by the captain about some other aspect of the flight status. This is known as _________ interference.
57. The attitude indicator, sometimes called the artificial horizon, is the only primary flight instrument that provides a direct indication of the aircraft’s pitch and bank attitude.
58. A pilot incorrectly reads back clearance to ATC, and the controller fails to catch the error. This is known as
59. Between 2000 and 2014 in the United States, the leading item not monitored in 110 ASRS incident reports submitted by flight crews was the aircraft’s
60. Controllers experience _________ when managing two or more aircraft from different airlines with the same call number (e.g., UAL 123, DAL 123) or from the same airline with similar call signs (e.g., UAL 123, UAL 213).
61. A basic ________ involves continuous feedback enabling continuous control to maintain a given set point.
62. The left alternator light illuminates, and the crew carries out the steps prescribed in the illumination of the alternator light checklist. This is an example of __________ behavior.
63. ________ behaviors involve reliance on a pilot’s own experience and previously learned knowledge to solve a novel problem.
64. Communication on the flight deck is primarily accomplished through written words and body language.

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